Lidocaine

Lore & Background

It is a class Ib antiarrhythmic medication, meaning it works by blocking sodium channels, thus decreasing the rate of contractions of the heart. When injected near nerves, the nerves cannot conduct signals to or from the brain. It is often used mixed with a small amount of adrenaline (epinephrine) to prolong its local effects and to decrease bleeding.

Reader's Guide

Lidocaine is one of the most commonly used local anesthetics in dentistry and is suitable for infiltration, block, and surface anesthesia. It is also used intravenously for ventricular arrhythmias if amiodarone is not available or contraindicated. Adverse effects can include central nervous system excitation or depression, cardiovascular effects, and allergic reactions. It appears generally safe for use in pregnancy, but a lower dose may be required in those with liver problems. Its significance lies in its rapid onset, intermediate duration, and versatility across medical fields.

Did You Know?

• It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.
• It is generally safe to use in those allergic to tetracaine or benzocaine.